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Bureaucratic turnover across levels of government
(CAF; Caracas, 2021-11-19)The incidence of patronage can vary widely across levels of gov ernment within a country. We show this in the context of Brazil, which has been the focus of most recent research on patronage. In particular, we find that ... -
Determinants of Slum Formation: The Role of Local Politics and Policies
(CAF; Caracas, 2018-01)One-third of the developing world’s population lives in urban slums and the absolute number of slum residents grew from 650 million in 1990 to 863 million in 2012. Although negative impacts of slum living conditions on ... -
Development effects of electrification: evidence from the geologic placement of hydropower plants in Brazil
(CAF; Caracas, 2011)We estimate the development effects of electrification across Brazil over the period 1960-2000. Brazil relies almost exclusively on hydropower, which requires intercepting water at high velocity. We build an engineering ... -
Drug battles and school achievement: evidence from Rio de Janeiro's favelas
(CAF; Caracas, 2013)This paper examines the effects of armed conflicts between drug gangs in Rio de Janeiro's favelas on student achievement. To identify the causal effect of violence on education, we explore variation in violence that occurs ... -
The Effect of Schooling on Skills and Knowledge in Latin America. Evidence from PISA
(CAF, 2015-09-30)In this paper we estimate the causal effect of an extra year of schooling on mathematics skills and knowledge for the eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay) ... -
Exploring the Potential of Machine Learning for Automatic Slum Identification from VHE Imagery
(CAF; Buenos Aires, 2016-11-23)Slum identification in urban settlements is a crucial step in the process of formulation of propoor policies. However, the use of conventional methods for slums detection such as field surveys may result time consuming and ... -
Financial Frictions, Occupational Choice and Economic Inequality
(CAF; Caracas, 2012-12-10)We develop a quantitative theory of entrepreneurship, income inequality, and financial frictions disciplined with household data from Brazil. The theory extends Lucas (1978) by modeling heterogeneity in two skills: -working ... -
Government performance, taxation and citizen participation: evidence from Brazil
(CAF; Caracas, 2011)Fiscal contract theories of the state hypothesize that government performance affects tax collection and that institutions that foster representation and accountability link taxes and services. These propositions have yet ... -
Government transparency and political clientelism: Evidence from randomized anti-corruption audits in Brazil
(CAF; Caracas, 2019-01-31)Political clientelism is considered a fundamental reason why politicians are not accountable and responsive to their constituencies. In this working paper, we study whether transparency initiatives – more specifically, ... -
Income Segregation and Urban Spatial Structure: Evidence from Brazil
(CAF; Caracas, 2016-08-05)We estimate the effect of urban spatial structure on income segregation in Brazilian cities between 2000 and 2010. Our results show that, first, local density conditions increase income segregation: the effect is higher ... -
Inter-jurisdictional coordination in the management of natural resources: evidence from water basin committees in Brazil
(CAF; Caracas, 2009)Decentralized management of public goods creates the potential for spillovers across jurisdictions. These spillovers may be particularly large in the case of river management where the river has little value to upstream ... -
Pax Monopolista and Crime: The Case of the Emergence of the Primeiro Comando da Capital in São Paulo
(CAF; Caracas, 2014-07-15)This paper documents a rare phenomenon: the consequence of the dominance of a single criminal gang in the city of São Paulo, the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC). Using unique data to identify entry in geographically ... -
People or places: the causes of spatial income differences in Brazil
(CAF; Caracas, 2010)This paper explores testable implications of a simple model of spatial heterogeneity in earnings, a model in which this spatial heterogeneity arises both from differences in the places that people work and differences among ... -
Políticas de fomento al emprendimiento dinámico en América Latina: tendencias y desafíos
(CAF; Caracas, 2012)Este trabajo se focaliza en las políticas de fomento al emprendimiento dinámico, es decir de las nuevas empresas que, además de sobrevivir, logran crecer de manera significativa. Este trabajo describe y analiza aquellas ... -
Slum Growth in Brazilian Cities
(CAF; Caracas, 2016-10-10)I study slum growth in contemporary urbanization processes by estimating a spatial equilibrium model with houses with and without basic water and sanitation services in Brazilian cities between 1991 and 2010. Slum growth ... -
The Causes and Consequences of the Spatial Organization of Agriculture in Brazil
(CAF; Buenos Aires, 2017-10-10)Why are there vast differences in agricultural activity across space? How do these differences shape the aggregate impact of agricultural shocks? To address these questions, I build a quantitative general equilibrium model ... -
The Effect of the Minimum Wage on Employment in Brazil
(CAF; Buenos Aires, 2017-10-16)During the economic boom of the early 2000s, most Latin American countries increased their minimum wages. In Brazil, the real minimum wage increased by upwards of 60 percent from 2003 through 2012. In this paper, we take ... -
The impact of taxes and social spending on inequality and poverty in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico and Peru: a synthesis of results
(CAF; Caracas, 2012)We apply a standard tax and benefit incidence analysis to estimate the impact on inequality and poverty of direct taxes, indirect taxes and subsidies, and social spending (cash and food transfers and in-kind transfers in ... -
The Value of Free Health Insurance Schemes in Developing Countries
(CAF; Caracas, 2019-12-13)Brazil began the implementation of SUS (Universal Health Insurance) in 1988. To the extent that SUS broke the link between employment contract and health insurance, it may have changed the incentives for individuals to ... -
What a difference a full day makes: Evidence from new schools in Fortaleza
(CAF; Caracas, 2022-03-18)Although longer school days are in increasing supply, a lack of consensus about their effectiveness persists. Motivated by this gap, this paper studies the effect of enrolling in a new set of full-time secondary schools ...
