Over the last 30 years, most Latin American countries have unilaterally and multilaterally implemented trade liberalization policies within regional and extra-regional trade agreements, resulting in a reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers. The results were somewhatndisappointing. Trade and investment raised modestly, not matching the expectations of more substantial gains on growth and welfare. One reason for this is that trade liberalization did not generate high and sustained increases in intraregional trade. This report explores the hypothesis that the low participation of Latin America firms in international trade ows is partly due to the limited use of regional trade as part of a strategy of global export expansion. This hypothesis focuses on the feedback between regional and global openness, or what has been called «open regionalism.» To achieve greater regional and global integration, the report proposes initiatives in three speci c areas: trade facilitation, physical infrastructure, and productive integration.